Synthesized CMC Sodium Salt Carboxymethyl Cellulose Gum For Textile Printing And Dyeing Industry

Textile Grade CMC, Carboxymethyl Cellulose

Application of CMC in Textile Industries :

Over the years, various polysaccharide-based thickeners have been widely used in textile printing with several types of dyes and fabrics such as guar gum, tamarind, corn starch, tapioca starch, etc. CMC has recently been developed as a very effective thickening agent in paints and textile varnishes for its better water-absorbing property. For example, the synthesized CMC from lignocellulosic waste was used as a thickener in vat dyes for textile printing.

Modulating the thickening property of vat dyes controls the proper viscosity for yielding a good quality paint. It can also hold the dye particles in the printing area with other chemicals or printing assistants. Furthermore, it acts as a good vehicle for dye materials and promotes better binding into the textile specimens. Last year, Fangfang reported the rheological properties and performance of CMC or CMHPC (carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl cellulose-CMC derivative) as a thickener more densely in the case of the printing of high-quality reactive dyes.

Based on the high-viscosity and film-forming properties, CMC has been proposed to harness many purposes in the textile industry. Due to having a water solubility property, it has been highly suggested for use in printing pastes, sizes, finishes, and lubricants.

Furthermore, in textile fabrics, crude CMC occupies a vast position and acts as a sizing agent, including the sizing of filament threads, yarns, and other textile materials. The low toxicity, biocompatibility, water solubility, and ease of removal by the washing property enhance its priority in textile sizing applications. For example, CMC and starch-based hybrids act as sizing agents in cotton fabrics or yarns. CMC acts as an additive, increasing the adhesion of starch sizes to cotton and cotton blends. Moreover, CMC often applies to textiles as a sizing agent in the form of CMC-g-polyvinyl alcohol, CMC-g-polymethyl methacrylate, etc.

Moreover, in silk fabrics, CMC is applied as a pre-treatment and leveling agent to improve the color fastness and adjust the color difference in digital printing. During textile printing, CMC controls the viscosity of color with a mixture of other agents and enhances the dye’s hydrophilicity and penetration, which provide better sharpness and printability of color.

For example, the CMC/sodium alginate/dextrin mixture proposed by Dong-Seok et al. was used for the digital printing of textiles. On the other hand, Kolmana et al. developed CMC-based silica/polyelectrolyte complexes for painting applications.

During canvas painting on textiles, CMC enhances adhesion between the complex and cotton fiber, which improves the strength of the materials. In cotton fabrics, the introduction of CMC increased water (or antimicrobial liquid) retention for absorbent and wound dressings . Such newly added properties can be achieved without losing fiber integrity and carding ability using an appropriate CMC substitution. As a result, carboxymethylated cotton fibers are applicable in the fabrication of various personal hygiene and wound care nonwoven products.

Furthermore, CMC hydrogels have taken a broad position in textile waste management, where CMC hydrogels are used as an environmentally friendly adsorbent for removing dyes from wastewater or solution. Various researchers have proposed different CMC-based hydrogels due to the variation in pigments (likes organic or azo dyes, anionic or cationic dyes, etc.).

This is broadly discussed in the wastewater treatment part of this review article. Here, one example is disclosed for demonstration as part of the textile application. Like, recently, Kokkarachedu and his fellows formulated a CMC/acrylamide/graphene oxide hydrogel, which is used for the removal of organic-based dye from waste liquor via the adsorption method.

A few CMC composites have been examined as bioresorbable textile materials for rapid and efficient hemostasis purposes in modern medical textiles. Recently, Suchý et al. proposed a CMC/hyaluronic acid (HA) or CMC/HA/etamsylate composite-based (with or without active ingredient) hemostatic nonwoven textile for faster blood clotting and wound healing.

To provide proper therapeutic care in the human body, the release of active ingredients from medical textiles was also controlled using CMC as the coating material. This information was applied by Roy et al. and they developed a chitosan/CMC/glutaraldehyde-based microcapsule for application on cosmetic textiles. Furthermore, during wet wound care, the CMC (as an acid form) is used in combination with collagen (collagen/CMC) to form nonwoven textiles. CMC provides excellent mechanical properties during application and ensures safer wound care in wet conditions. Moreover, to monitor health and biomedicine activity, CMC is used as carbonized CMC (smart fabrics) on flexible electronics .

However, CMC derivatives are also being introduced in textile products due to their antimicrobial activity. Likewise, Ebru Bozaci and his co-workers fabricated cotton fabrics by a fumaric acid/CMC-based silver nanocomposite, a safe, hygienic, comfortable, biodegradable composite, and has excellent antimicrobial activity. In the fabrication of nanoparticles, CMC acts as a stabilizing and reducing agent and reduces the silver nanoparticles by hydrolyzing CMC.

In the current year, CMC was used as a coating material on nonwoven fabrics and developed a better or favorable antimicrobial textile with the presence of AgNPs (silver nanoparticles). This type of antimicrobial-based nonwoven textile was tested on rat skin (for wound healing) by Montaser et al.

Additionally, some CMC derivatives have been formulated by introducing different antioxidant or antiradical materials. Thus, they are widely used in wound healing application-based textile materials. Krizova and Wiener formulated polyphenols (antioxidant or antiradical material) and CMC-based fresh gel for textile materials. Generally, this gel is applied to wound healing textile cotton for the protection of healing cells from oxidative damage, where CMC acts as a controlled release carrier of polyphenols and stabilizers in textiles.